The use of Multispectral Radio-Meter (MSR5) data for wheat crop genotypes identification using machine learning models.

Satellite remote sensing is widely being used by the researchers and geospatial scientists due to its free data access for land observation and agricultural activities monitoring. The world is suffering from food shortages due to the dramatic increase in population and climate change. Various crop genotypes can survive in harsh climatic conditions and give more production with less disease infection. Remote sensing can play an essential role in crop genotype identification using computer vision. In many studies, different objects, crops, and land cover classification is done successfully, while crop genotypes classification is still a gray area. Despite the importance of genotype identification for production planning, a significant method has yet to be developed to detect the genotypes varieties of crop yield using multispectral radiometer data. In this study, three genotypes of wheat crop (Aas-'2011', 'Miraj-'08', and 'Punjnad-1) fields are prepared for the investigation of multispectral radio meter band properties. Temporal data (every 15 days from the height of 10 feet covering 5 feet in the circle in one scan) is collected using an efficient multispectral Radio Meter (MSR5 five bands). Two hundred yield samples of each wheat genotype are acquired and manually labeled accordingly for the training of supervised machine learning models. To find the strength of features (five bands), Principle Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Nonlinear Discernment Analysis (NDA) are performed besides the machine learning models of the Extra Tree Classifier (ETC), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), k Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with detailed of configuration settings. ANN and random forest algorithm have achieved approximately maximum accuracy of 97% and 96% on the test dataset. It is recommended that digital policymakers from the agriculture department can use ANN and RF to identify the different genotypes at farmer's fields and research centers. These findings can be used for precision identification and management of the crop specific genotypes for optimized resource use efficiency.

Visual Outcomes With Intraocular Trifocal Lens Implant.

BACKGROUND: Cataract surgery has become one of the most common surgeries in the world with one in every four surgeries performed being a cataract extraction and the numbers are expected to increase by 16 percent in the USA alone by 2024 as compared to the current statistics. The aim of the study is to analyze the visual outcomes of intraocular lens implants for various visual ranges. METHODS: This non-comparative interventional study was conducted at the Ophthalmology department of Al Ehsan Eye Hospital from Jan to Dec 2021. It included patients who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification with an intraocular lens implant and analysis of the visual outcomes for uncorrected distance (UDVA), uncorrected intermediate distance (UIVA), and uncorrected near distance (UNVA). RESULTS: Independent sample t-test was applied to observe the mean values of recorded far vision on the 1stday, 1 week, and 1 month after the trifocal intraocular lens implantation. It showed a significant difference with a p-value of 0.00 on 1st day, 1 week, and 1 month after was 0.3±0.1, 0.17±0.09, and 0.14±0.08 respectively. Mean improvement in near vision after 1 month was N6 with S.D 1.03 and in intermediate vision was N8±1.4 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Trifocal Intraocular lens implantation offers an improved vision for near, intermediate, and distant visual ranges without the need for correction.

Nursing Effect Analysis of Urinary Tract Infections in Urology Surgery Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis aims to identify urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with different levels of age groups. For both diagnosis and treatment of UTIs, antibiotics have been widely used in nursing home settings. We also aimed to evaluate the duration of catheterization in UTI patients to reduce catheter-associated complications. We conducted a systematic review that was performed following the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA) guidelines and recommendations from Cochrane Collaboration. We performed a comprehensive search for published literature in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis Online, Springer, and Wiley Online databases from 2010 to June 25, 2021. We performed two meta-analysis: the first meta-analysis (meta-analysis I) was performed on data obtained from included studies that compared patients with UTIs (experimental group) and without UTIs (control group); the second meta-analysis (meta-analysis II) was performed to assess the appropriate use of a catheter in UTI patients. All statistical analyses were conducted using the Review Manager 5.4 tool. A total of 15 research articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Of these, results showed the identification of critical patients with UTIs and without UTIs from nursing resident homes (risk ratio [RR] = 0.80 95% confidence interval CI = 0.69-0.93 p < 0.0001). Risk ratio results with random effects (RE) were obtained as RR = 0.69 95% CI = 0.26-1.83, p = 0.45, along with heterogeneity I 2 (96%) values. No appropriate prescription of antibiotics in UTIs is practiced among nursing home residents. In addition, pooled results between two groups (short-duration vs. long-duration catheterization) showed RR 0.66 95% CI 0.46-0.93 p = 0.02, I 2 = 56, that reduced complications associated with CAUTIs. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested an appropriate use of agents and catheter insertion for a short duration at nursing homes.

Revolutionizing ocular cancer management: a narrative review on exploring the potential role of ChatGPT.

This paper pioneers the exploration of ocular cancer, and its management with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology. Existing literature presents a significant increase in new eye cancer cases in 2023, experiencing a higher incidence rate. Extensive research was conducted using online databases such as PubMed, ACM Digital Library, ScienceDirect, and Springer. To conduct this review, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines are used. Of the collected 62 studies, only 20 documents met the inclusion criteria. The review study identifies seven ocular cancer types. Important challenges associated with ocular cancer are highlighted, including limited awareness about eye cancer, restricted healthcare access, financial barriers, and insufficient infrastructure support. Financial barriers is one of the widely examined ocular cancer challenges in the literature. The potential role and limitations of ChatGPT are discussed, emphasizing its usefulness in providing general information to physicians, noting its inability to deliver up-to-date information. The paper concludes by presenting the potential future applications of ChatGPT to advance research on ocular cancer globally.

AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE GRAFT FOR THE TREATMENT OF LARGE REFRACTORY MACULAR HOLE.

PURPOSE: Study off-label human amniotic membrane use outcomes for giant refractory macular hole closure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed at Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, over 52 months on patients who had undergone standard macular hole surgical procedures for treatment, but the hole failed to close. Refractory macular hole dimensions ranged from 824 µ m to 1,568 µ m. Before surgery, patients underwent slit-lamp examination, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography for macular scan. Amniotic membrane graft (AMG) used in surgery was harvested from a human placenta 24 hours before. Before AMG application, enough internal limiting membrane peeling was performed to ensure perfect fitting and recovery. All holes were plugged with AMG and SF6 gas tamponade. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients, 20 men and nine women, were included in this study. Mean age of patients was 58 ± 6. Patients had refractory holes of average 1,237.48 ± 151.25 µ m. Post-op, 100% macular hole closure was achieved in all patients. Type 1 closure was found in patients (37.93%) who underwent AMG surgery within 3 months after primary surgical failure. Type 2 closure was found in patients (62.07%) who were operated on 3 months after primary surgical failure. CONCLUSION: Refractory macular holes treated by AMG with SF6 gas tamponade achieve anatomical Type 1 closure if performed within 3 months of primary surgical repair.